Mobile communication base station localization technology
Mobile communication base station localization can be roughly classified into three types from the principle of localization calculation: localization technique based on triangulation and arithmetic, localization technique based on scene analysis and localization technique based on proximity relation.
Positioning techniques based on triangulation and arithmetic
This localization technique calculates the position of the measured object using geometric triangulation based on the measured data, and it is the most important and widely used localization technique. Positioning technology based on triangulation and arithmetic can be subdivided into two types: positioning technology based on distance measurement and positioning technology based on angle measurement.
Positioning technology based on distance measurement
This localization technique firstly needs to measure the distance between the reference points (points A, B and C) of the known position and the measured object, and then use the knowledge of triangulation to calculate the position of the measured object. Specifically, the methods of distance measurement include: measuring the distance between the reference point and the object under test directly through physical actions and movements; measuring the radio wave propagation time between the reference point and the object under test; and measuring the attenuation of the radio wave energy from the reference point to the object under test.
Angle-based positioning techniques
Angle-based positioning technology and distance-based positioning technology are similar in principle, and the main difference between the two is that the former measures mainly angles, while the latter measures distances. Generally speaking, if the planar position (i.e., two-dimensional position) of the measured object is to be calculated, two angles and one distance (indicated by the dotted line) need to be measured.
Positioning techniques based on scene analysis
This localization technique abstracts and formalizes the specific environment of localization, describes the positions in the localization environment with some specific, quantitative parameters, and integrates this information with a database. An observer queries the database based on the characteristics of the location of the object to be localized and determines the location of the object based on specific matching rules. It can be seen that the core of this localization technique is the location feature database and matching rules, which is essentially a pattern recognition method.
Proximity-based localization technology
The technical principle of localization based on proximity relationship is: according to the proximity relationship between the object to be localized and one or more known positions to be localized. This localization technique usually requires the assistance of a marking system to identify the various known locations with specific markings. The most common example of this localization technique is Cell ID in mobile cellular communication networks.